What are the examples of housekeeping genes?
What are the examples of housekeeping genes?
The proteins they code are generally involved in the basic functions necessary for the sustenance or maintenance of the cell. Examples of housekeeping genes include actin, GAPDH and ubiquitin.
What is the best housekeeping gene?
The top 3 most stable housekeeping genes were: UBC, SDHA and ARBP for all states. Following statistical analysis using the Mann-Whitney-U Test, only UBC and SDHA for the 24 hr ligated, 2 wk ligated and 2 wk ligated + 3 day de-ligated states showed no change from the unoperated control group (>0.05) (Figure 4).
Is GUSB a housekeeping gene?
Amongst seven commonly used classical housekeeping genes, we found that expression levels of ACTB, GAPDH, GUSB and 18S rRNA, significantly differed between tumor and normal tissues on the basis of the examination of raw CT values (figure 2).
Why is HPRT a housekeeping gene?
Due to the constant requirement for GTP, as both a nucleotide for DNA synthesis and as an energy moleule throughout the cell, HPRT is reliably produced as a housekeeping gene and is found in all somatic tissue in low levels.
What is beta actin housekeeping gene?
β-actin is a cytoskeletal protein involved in cell structure and motility. Based on these basic and ubiquitous cellular functions, GAPDH and β-actin are considered as housekeeping genes.
What is housekeeping gene?
In molecular biology, housekeeping genes are typically constitutive genes that are required for the maintenance of basic cellular function, and are expressed in all cells of an organism under normal and patho-physiological conditions.
How many housekeeping genes are there?
Comparison of human adult and fetal expression and identification of 535 housekeeping/maintenance genes. ], many more than the dozen or so commonly used control genes.
What is beta actin used for?
Beta actin specifically plays a crucial role in other relating functions like; cell migration, involved in pathways at the blood-brain barrier, cell division, muscle contraction, cell mobility, secretion, phagocytosis and gene expression.
Why is B actin used as control?
Beta-Actin (42 kDa) is commonly chosen as a loading control due to its general expression across all eukaryotic cell types. The expression levels of this protein do not vary drastically due to cellular treatment, which is another reason the protein makes a suitable control.
What are housekeeping genes used for in PCR?
Housekeeping genes are cellular maintenance genes which regulate basic and ubiquitous cellular functions. In many RT-qPCR reactions, these genes are used as internal control genes without proper validation.
How do you choose a housekeeping gene?
The ‘ideal’ housekeeping gene should be constantly transcribed in all cell types and tissues and remain stable between samples taken from different time points and under different experimental conditions.
What is beta-actin housekeeping gene?
What does B actin do?
These proteins play important roles in determining cell shape and controlling cell movement (motility). Studies suggest that β-actin may also be involved in relaying chemical signals within cells.
What is the difference between housekeeping gene and reference gene?
housekeeping genes are typically constitutive genes that are required for the maintenance of basic cellular function, and are expressed in all cells of an organism under normal and patho-physiological conditions. Reference genes are expressed in all cells of an organism under normal and patho-physiological conditions.
What is the function of housekeeping genes?